Region Berlin

Berlin with a total area of 892 square kilometers is the largest municipality of the Federal Republic of Germany. The city is completely surrounded by Brandenburg. In 2011 Berlin had 3.5 million residents.

The majority of the urban area is characterized as human-settlement and traffic area. Nevertheless, the city has a relatively high proportion of forest (17.5%), water bodies (6.5%), and agricultural land (6%).

High, although varying degrees of soil sealing and building density with different structures in vegetation lead to a drier and warmer climate compared to the surrounding less sealed areas. Thus, long time average July temperatures of up to 21.5 ° C in the inner-city locations (Kreuzberg) and 18.0 ° C in the suburbs (Grunewald forest) were measured (Digital Environmental Atlas of Berlin).

Besides the temperature, the particulate matter varies greatly in the city between 26 mg / m³ in the suburbs and 47 mg / m³ in urban areas (annual averages). The groundwater extraction for drinking water supply in Berlin is almost entirely within the city limits.